Substance | Intoxication | Withdrawal |
Alcohol | - (1+) Slurred speech - Incoordination - Unsteady gait - Nystagmus - Impairment in attention or memory - Stupor or coma (t) folate 1mg , thiamine 100mg | - (2+) Autonomic hyperactivity - Increased hand tremor - Insomnia - Nausea or vomiting - Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations - Psychomotor agitation - Anxiety - Grand mal seizures (t) Benzodiazepines - oxazepam, IV; Dilantin; Haldol |
Cocaine / Amphetamine | - (2+) Tachycardia or bradycardia - Pupillary dilation - Elevated or lowered blood pressure - Perspiration or chills - Nausea or vomiting - Evidence of weight loss - Psychomotor agitation or retardation - Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias - Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma (t) self-limited, anti-psychotics | - (2+) Dysmorphic mood - Fatigue - Vivid, unpleasant dreams - Insomnia or hypersomnia - Increased appetite - Psychomotor retardation or agitation (t) self-limited, observation |
Opiates - morphine - codeine - meperidine - hydromorphone | - papillary constriction (dilation) - (1+) drowsiness or coma - slurred speech - impairment in attention or memory - euphoria > dysphoria - psychomotor agitation or retardation - impaired judgement (t) Methadone 5-20 mg> 60-100 mg | - (3+) dysphoric mood - nausea or vomiting - muscle aches - lacrimation or rhinorrhea - papillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating - diarrhea - yawning (t) Clonidine |
Sources : Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV, Blueprints Psychiatry 3rd ed
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