Tuesday, February 28, 2006

Substance Abuse

Substance

Intoxication

Withdrawal

Alcohol

- (1+) Slurred speech

- Incoordination

- Unsteady gait

- Nystagmus

- Impairment in attention or memory

- Stupor or coma

(t) folate 1mg , thiamine 100mg

- (2+) Autonomic hyperactivity

- Increased hand tremor

- Insomnia

- Nausea or vomiting

- Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations

- Psychomotor agitation

- Anxiety

- Grand mal seizures

(t) Benzodiazepines - oxazepam, IV; Dilantin; Haldol

Cocaine / Amphetamine

- (2+) Tachycardia or bradycardia

- Pupillary dilation

- Elevated or lowered blood pressure

- Perspiration or chills

- Nausea or vomiting

- Evidence of weight loss

- Psychomotor agitation or retardation

- Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias

- Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma

(t) self-limited, anti-psychotics

- (2+) Dysmorphic mood

- Fatigue

- Vivid, unpleasant dreams

- Insomnia or hypersomnia

- Increased appetite

- Psychomotor retardation or agitation

(t) self-limited, observation

Opiates

- morphine

- codeine

- meperidine

- hydromorphone

- papillary constriction (dilation)

- (1+) drowsiness or coma

- slurred speech

- impairment in attention or memory

- euphoria > dysphoria

- psychomotor agitation or retardation

- impaired judgement

(t) Methadone 5-20 mg> 60-100 mg

- (3+) dysphoric mood

- nausea or vomiting

- muscle aches

- lacrimation or rhinorrhea

- papillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating

- diarrhea

- yawning

(t) Clonidine

Sources : Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV, Blueprints Psychiatry 3rd ed

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